The 439 square miles of Gilmer County, located 84.5 degrees West Longitude by 34.5 degrees North Latitude, were once a part of the not-too-clearly defined Spanish territory known as Florida. It probably "became English" around 1775.
The first white people were, in all likelihood, the explorer DeSoto and his followers, who, it is believed, went through Gilmer County in their exploration of this territory. The Cherokee Indians were the first known settlers of the area. The present-day city of Ellijay is one of the rare places that retains the same name and is located on the exact site of an original Indian settlement. The name Ellijay, means "New Ground Place." Meaning a place which has been newly prepared for planting. The Cherokees' legacy to us includes many of the names of the rivers and communities in Gilmer County.
The county was created from original Cherokee County on December 3, 1832, and in 1856, a portion of Union County. It was named for George R. Gilmer. At present, the county is bounded on the north by Fannin County, to the east by Fannin and Dawson Counties, to the west by Murray and Gordon Counties, and on the south by Pickens County.
Ellijay became the seat of the county government in 1834. It is located on the west bank of the Ellijay River. Within the community, the Ellijay and Cartecay Rivers come together to form the Coosawattee River.
There are a number of recognized communities within the county, such as Mountaintown, Boardtown, Cartecay, Cherry Log, etc., which have been population centers since early settlement days. Several communities have built clubhouses for community use. Boardtown, Cherry Log, New Hope, Oakland, and Tails Creek Communities have organized clubs which hold regular meetings and provide activities which draw the residents into a closer relationship. Post Offices are located in Ellijay, East Ellijay, and Cherry Log.